Filtration & Efficiency

HVAC Filters and Energy Use

How dirty or overly restrictive HVAC filters can affect airflow, equipment performance and heating and cooling energy use.

The Practical View

Reduce the load before chasing a rating

Filters create resistance to airflow even when clean, and that resistance generally increases as they collect particles. The HVAC blower must operate against the resistance of the entire duct system.

A severely loaded filter can reduce airflow enough to affect cooling-coil temperature or furnace operating temperature. Simply installing the highest available MERV filter is also not automatically appropriate for every system.

Good filtration balances particle capture with the airflow capability of the equipment and return system.

Energy Factors

What affects HVAC operating cost

Filter loading

Accumulated debris increases resistance.

Filter area

Deep media filters can provide much more surface area than thin filters.

MERV

Higher particle-capture ratings need to be considered alongside pressure drop and system design.

Blower energy

Some blowers change power consumption as system resistance changes.

Cooling performance

Low airflow can contribute to low evaporator temperature and freeze-up.

Heating performance

Low airflow can increase furnace temperature rise and potentially cause limit cycling.

Efficiency vs. Consumption

They are not the same thing

Equipment efficiency describes how effectively equipment performs under defined conditions. Your utility consumption also depends on weather, thermostat settings, building heat gain or loss, ductwork, system sizing, maintenance and how many hours the equipment operates.

Best Investment

Fix obvious waste first

Before replacing functioning equipment solely for a higher efficiency rating, evaluate low-cost problems such as thermostat schedules, dirty filters, blocked airflow, duct leakage and building-envelope deficiencies. Major equipment replacement should be evaluated on installed cost, expected savings, comfort and remaining equipment life.

Planning a Replacement?

Compare efficiency as part of the complete project

Use the Buying Guides and Homeowner Tools to evaluate equipment efficiency, system age, replacement budget and contractor proposals together.

Homeowner IAQ Tool

Not sure which IAQ solution fits the problem?

Use the IAQ Device Selector to compare practical options for filtration, air cleaning, humidity, moisture and ventilation—and see when an in-home evaluation makes more sense.

Replacement Filters

Ready to order your HVAC filters?

Use our Filter Finder to confirm your filter size and MERV rating and shop for the right replacement. If you are not sure what your system needs, Central HVAC can help.

Call Central HVAC · 843-732-4822